Feedstock:

The main feedstock for HAB production consists of two key components:

• Pure Benzene: Used as the base aromatic.
• Heavy Olefin Cuts: Unlike LAB, which utilizes olefins with carbon chains of C10 to C14, HAB is produced from longer-chain olefins, usually derived from cracking and refining processes.

Main Process Steps:

1. Alkylation:

The reaction involves benzene and heavy olefins in the presence of an acidic catalyst such as aluminum chloride or zeolites. This reaction occurs at controlled temperature and pressure, resulting in the alkylation of the benzene ring.

2. Separation and Purification:

After the reaction, the resulting product contains a mixture of various isomers, unreacted benzene and olefins, and by-products. Through distillation and purification, high-purity HAB is obtained.

Applications of Heavy Alkyl Benzene (HAB)

Heavy Alkyl Benzene (HAB) is mainly used in the following areas:

• Transformer Oil:

The most important and widespread application of HAB is as a base stock in the manufacture of transformer oils or electrical insulating oils. Due to its excellent dielectric properties, high thermal and chemical stability, suitable viscosity, and low pour point, it is ideal for use in heavy electrical equipment such as transformers, switches, and capacitors.

• Industrial and Pharmaceutical White Oils:

In certain formulations, HAB serves as a component of industrial or pharmaceutical white oils, contributing to the special properties of the final product.

• Other Industrial Lubricants and Solvents:

In smaller quantities, HAB is used in the production of specific lubricants or as a solvent in specialized chemical industries.

Producers of Heavy Alkyl Benzene (HAB) in Iran

Currently, Bisotoun Petrochemical Company and Iran Chemical Industries Investment Company are the two main producers of both LAB (Linear Alkyl Benzene) and HAB in Iran. Utilizing modern technologies, varied production capacities, and access to suitable feedstock, these companies supply a significant portion of the domestic market and even part of the regional market.

Their products not only meet the raw material needs of Iran’s detergent and lubricant industries but are also supplied to export markets, playing a crucial role in the development of Iran’s petrochemical sector.

Conclusion

Heavy Alkyl Benzene (HAB) is a key substance for the electrical and lubricant industries, with its production and market closely tied to the expansion of energy infrastructure and growing global demand for transformer oils. Access to suitable feedstock and up-to-date technology is vital for improving the quality and increasing exports of this product in Iran. Given the ongoing development of electricity projects, especially in developing countries, the future market outlook for HAB remains highly promising.