General Specifications of Light Naphtha

1. Chemical Composition:
   • Contains light saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons (C₅–C₆).
   • Primarily composed of pentane (C₅H₁₂) and hexane (C₆H₁₄).
2. Physical Properties:
   • Boiling Range: 30 to 90°C.
   • Density: Approximately 0.65 to 0.70 g/cm³.
   • Volatility: Very high.
   • Color: Transparent and colorless.
3. Source of Production:
   • Obtained from the atmospheric distillation column in refineries.
   • Also produced as a byproduct in thermal and catalytic cracking units.

Applications of Light Naphtha

1. Feedstock for Petrochemical Units:
   • Serves as the main feedstock for steam cracking units, resulting in the production of ethylene, propylene, and other olefins.
2. Gasoline Production:
   • Used as a blending component in motor gasoline to increase octane number.
3. Industrial Solvent:
   • Due to its non-polar properties, it is used as a solvent in the paint, resin, and adhesive industries.
4. Isomer Production:
   • In the isomerization process, light naphtha is converted to high-octane isomers, which are utilized in the production of high-quality fuels.
5. Raw Material for Chemical Industries:
   • Used as a feedstock for the production of various chemicals such as hexane, cyclohexane, and other derivatives.

Advantages

1. Processability:
   • Easily processed in refinery and petrochemical units to produce higher value products.
2. Desirable Chemical Properties:
   • Relatively stable and non-reactive under normal conditions.
3. Multi-purpose Applications:
   • Plays an important role in both fuel production and in chemical industries.

Disadvantages

1. High Volatility:
   • Requires storage in closed containers and under safe conditions.
2. Flammability:
   • Highly flammable and may pose safety risks in the event of a leak.
3. Environmental Impact:
   • If released or burnt improperly, it can generate harmful pollutants.

Comparison Between Light and Heavy Naphtha

Safety and Storage

1. Storage Conditions:
   • Should be stored in suitable pressure vessels, away from heat sources or open flame.
   • Proper ventilation is essential to prevent the build-up of vapors in the environment.
2. Hazards:
   • Flammability: Light naphtha vapors are highly flammable.
   • Toxicity: Inhalation of vapors can cause respiratory problems.

Conclusion

As one of the basic fractions from crude oil refining, light naphtha plays a key role in the fuel supply chain and petrochemical products. Owing to its physical and chemical characteristics, it is highly valuable for the production of gasoline, olefins, and solvents. The optimal use of light naphtha can create considerable added value for refinery and petrochemical industries.