Acetic acid, or vinegar acid (CH₃COOH), is mainly produced in the petrochemical industry through the methanol carbonylation process, in which methanol obtained from synthesis gas reacts with carbon monoxide in the presence of catalysts such as rhodium or iridium to produce pure acetic acid with a high purity of over 99%. Two well‑known technologies in this field are Monsanto and Cativa, which have achieved high efficiency and energy savings.

Although the main focus in refineries is on fuel production, part of the intermediate feedstocks such as methanol or acetaldehyde—needed for acetic acid production in petrochemical chemical units—are supplied through these routes.

Industrial‑grade acetic acid, due to its purity and stable quality, has applications in various industries, including: the production of vinyl acetate monomer (VAM) for paints, adhesives, and polymers; production of esters and cellulose acetate in the textile and film industry; and use in the food industry for pH adjustment and product preservation.

This material, despite its high industrial value, is highly corrosive and volatile, and its transportation and storage are usually carried out in stainless steel or aluminum tanks, with full compliance with HSE regulations to prevent hazards from contact with skin and eyes.